{"product_id":"al-tafkeer-al-kalami-fe-bawak-b078154","title":"Al Tafkeer Al Kalami Fe Bawak","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA Foundational Academic Study Tracing The Earliest Development Of Islamic Theological Thought (ʿilm Al‑Kalām) During The First Two Islamic Centuries, With Special Focus On The Muʿtazilite Figure ʿamr Ibn ʿubayd.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Book Argues That Many Modern Writings On Early Kalām Rely On Assumptions Unsupported By Historical Evidence. Through Meticulous Analysis Of Early Sectarian Literature, Biographies, And Scattered Theological Fragments, The Author Reconstructs The Socio‑Intellectual Environment In Basra Where Early Rationalist Theology Emerged.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt Examines The Intellectual Conflict Between Proto‑Hadith Traditionalists And Early Rationalists, Explores How Debates On Free Will, Divine Justice, Ethics, And Social Issues Influenced Early Muslim Identity Formation, And Highlights The Methodological Difficulties Of Studying Lost Or Scattered Sources.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis Work Contributes Significantly To Reconstructing The Origins Of Islamic Theological Reasoning Before It Merged With Later Persian, Hellenistic, And Philosophical Traditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"BORDERS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51092469874745,"sku":"B078154","price":25.0,"currency_code":"AED","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0682\/7248\/8505\/files\/9789953687513_1.jpg?v=1793948301","url":"https:\/\/www.bordersstore.com\/products\/al-tafkeer-al-kalami-fe-bawak-b078154","provider":"BORDERS","version":"1.0","type":"link"}